Strategies for Improving Polypharmacy in the Elderly Population in Europe – Evidence from ADVANTAGE Joint Action
Keywords:
polifarmacija, starostniki, krhkost, predpisovanje, smerniceAbstract
Polypharmacy in polymorbid elderly as well as frailty represent substantial health care problems that should be addressed. Our aim was to define the current situation regarding tools, guidelines and policies in the field of polypharmacy in the elderly in Europe. Therefore, we conducted a systemic search of articles, published from 2002 to 2017 in peer-reviewed scientific journals, as well as international standards, guidelines and research studies performed in the European Union. Grey literature
documents identified opportunistically were reviewed as well. The total number of all search results was 28,796; after exclusions, 25 articles remained for the analysis. Several approaches to reduce polypharmacy have been studied, however, each has limitations which are mostly specific to the region and context of their origin. It was concluded that promotion of appropriate polypharmacy is very complex. Considerable efforts have been made, however, programmes which attempt tackling polypharmacy in seniors with polimorbidity must be patient-centered, multidisciplinary and must take into consideration the context of healthcare system in which they are delivered.
References
All Wales Medicines Strategy Group. (2014). Polypharmacy: Guidance for Prescribing. Retrieved from http://www.awmsg.org/docs/awmsg/medman/Polypharmacy-GuidanceforPrescribing.pdf.
Blozik, E., Born, A. M., Stuck, A. E., Benninger, U., Gillmann, G. and Clough - Gorr, K. M. (2010). Reduction of Inappropriate Medications among Older Nursing-Home Residents. Drugs & Aging, 27, No. 12, pp. 1009–1017.
Bronskill, S. E., Gill, S. S., Paterson, J. M., Bell, C. M., Anderson, G. M. and Rochon, P. A. (2012). Exploring Variation in Rates of Polypharmacy Across Long Term Care Homes. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 13, No. 3.
Clegg, A., Young, J., Iliffe, S., Rikkert, M. O. and Rockwood, K. (2013). Frailty in elderly people. The Lancet, 381, No. 9868, pp. 752–762.
Cooper, J. A., Cadogan, C. A., Patterson, S. M., Kerse, N., Bradley, M. C., Ryan, C. and Hughes, C. M. (2015). Interventions to improve the appropriate use of polypharmacy in older people: a Cochrane systematic review. BMJ Open, 5, No. 12. Retrieved from the Internet: http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/5/12/e009235.
Duerden, M., Avery, T. and Payne, R. (2013). Polypharmacy and medicines optimisation : making it safe and sound. London: The King’s Fund. Retrieved from the Internet: http://www.kingsfund.org.uk/publications/polypharmacy-and-medicines-optimisation.
Dumbreck, S., Flynn, A., Nairn, M., Wilson, M., Treweek, S., Mercer, S. W. et al. (2015). Drugdisease and drug-drug interactions: systematic examination of recommendations in 12 UK national clinical guidelines. BMJ, 350.
Farrell, B., Tsang, C., Raman - Wilms, L., Irving, H., Conklin, J. and Pottie, K. (2015). What Are Priorities for Deprescribing for Elderly Patients? Capturing the Voice of Practitioners: A Modified Delphi Process. Plos One, 10, No. 4.
Frankenthal, D., Lerman, Y., Kalendaryev, E. and Lerman, Y. (2014). Intervention with the Screening Tool of Older Persons Potentially Inappropriate Prescriptions/Screening Tool to Alert Doctors to Right Treatment Criteria in Elderly Residents of a Chronic Geriatric Facility: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 62, No. 9, pp. 1658–1665.
Gallagher, P. and O’Mahony, D. (2008). STOPP (Screening Tool of Older Persons’ potentially inappropriate Prescriptions): application to acutely ill elderly patients and comparison with Beers’ criteria. Age and Ageing, 37, No. 6, pp. 673–679.
Gallagher, P., Ryan, C., Byrne, S., Kennedy, J. and O’Mahony, D. (2008). STOPP (Screening Tool of Older Person’s Prescriptions) and START (Screening Tool to Alert doctors to Right Treatment). Consensus validation. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 46, No. 2, pp. 72–83. Retrieved from the Internet: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18218287.
Garfinkel, D. and Mangin, D. (2010). Feasibility Study of a Systematic Approach for Discontinuation of Multiple Medications in Older Adults. Archives of Internal Medicine, 170, No. 18, pp. 1648–1654.
Garfinkel, D., Zur - Gil, S. and Ben - Israel, J. (2007). The war against polypharmacy: a new costeffective geriatric-palliative approach for improving drug therapy in disabled elderly people. The Israel Medical Association Journal : IMAJ, 9, No. 6, pp. 430–434. Retrieved from the Internet: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17642388.
Gnjidic, D., Hilmer, S. N., Blyth, F. M., Naganathan, V., Cumming, R. G., Handelsman, D. J. et al. (2012). High-Risk Prescribing and Incidence of Frailty Among Older Community-Dwelling Men. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 91, No. 3, pp. 521–528.
Gokce Kutsal, Y., Barak, A., Atalay, A., Baydar, T., Kucukoglu, S., Tuncer, T. et al. (2009). Polypharmacy in the Elderly: A Multicenter Study. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 10, No. 7, pp. 486–490.
Guiding principles for the care of older adults with multimorbidity: an approach for clinicians. (2012). Guiding Principles for the Care of Older Adults with Multimorbidity: An Approach for Clinicians. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 60, No. 10, E1–E25.
Hamilton, H., Gallagher, P., Ryan, C., Byrne, S. and O’Mahony, D. (2011). Potentially Inappropriate Medications Defined by STOPP Criteria and the Risk of Adverse Drug Events in Older Hospitalized Patients. Archives of Internal Medicine, 171, No. 11, pp. 1013–1019.
Holt, S., Schmiedl, S. and Thürmann, P. A. (2010). Potentially inappropriate medications in the elderly: the PRISCUS list. Deutsches Arzteblatt International, 107, No. 31–32, pp. 543–551.
Jano, E. and Aparasu, R. R. (2007). Healthcare Outcomes Associated with Beers’ Criteria: A Systematic Review. Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 41, No. 3, pp. 438–448.
Kaufmann, C. P., Tremp, R., Hersberger, K. E. and Lampert, M. L. (2014). Inappropriate prescribing: a systematic overview of published assessment tools. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 70, No. 1, pp. 1–11.
Lee, J. L., Dy, S. M., Gurses, A. P., Kim, J. M., Suarez - Cuervo, C., Berger, Z. D., Brown, R. and Xiao, Y. (2018). Towards a More Patient-Centered Approach to Medication Safety. Patient Exp, 5, No. 2, pp. 83–87.
Maher, R. L., Hanlon, J. and Hajjar, E. R. (2014). Clinical consequences of polypharmacy in elderly. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 13, No. 1, pp. 57–65.
Marengoni, A., Angleman, S., Melis, R., Mangialasche, F., Karp, A., Garmen, A. and Fratiglioni, L. (2011). Aging with multimorbidity: A systematic review of the literature. Ageing Research Reviews, 10, No. 4, pp. 430–439.
Marengoni, A., Pasina, L., Concoreggi, C., Martini, G., Brognoli, F., Nobili, A. and Bettoni, D. (2014). Understanding adverse drug reactions in older adults through drug–drug interactions. European Journal of Internal Medicine, 25, No. 9, pp. 843–846.
Moher, D., Shamseer, L., Clarke, M., Ghersi, D., Liberati, A., Petticrew, M. and PRISMA-P Group. (2015). Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Systematic Reviews, 4, No. 1, pp. 1.
Morley, J. E., Vellas, B., van Kan, G. A., Anker, S. D., Bauer, J. M., Bernabei, R. and Walston, J. (2013). Frailty consensus: a call to action. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 14, No. 6, pp. 392–397.
Možina, M. and Voljč, B. (2017). Improper medications in the elderly. Neprimerna zdravila v starosti, 5. Slovenian Meeting on Clinical Pharmacology. Safe Use of Medicine. Symposium conducted at the meeting of Section for Clinical Toxicology, Centre for Clinical Toxicology and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana.
Onder, G. and Marengoni, A. (2016). Frailty: The pleasure and pain of geriatric medicine. European Journal of Internal Medicine, 31, No. 1–2.
Palmer, K., Marengoni, A., Russo, P., Mammarella, F. and Onder, G. (2016). Frailty and Drug Use. The Journal of Frailty & Aging, 5, No. 2, pp. 100–103.
Palmer, K., Marengoni, A., Russo, P., Mammarella, F. and Onder, G. (2016). Frailty and drug use. In: Vellas, B. (ed.). White Book on Frailty, pp. 102–106.
Patterson, S. M., Cadogan, C. A., Kerse, N., Cardwell, C. R., Bradley, M. C., Ryan, C. and Hughes, C. (2014). Interventions to improve the appropriate use of polypharmacy for older people. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 10.
Renom - Guiteras, A., Meyer, G. and Thürmann, P. A. (2015). The EU(7)-PIM list: a list of potentially inappropriate medications for older people consented by experts from seven European countries. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 71, No. 7, pp. 861–875.
Rosted, E., Schultz, M. and Sanders, S. (2016). Frailty and polypharmacy in elderly patients are associated with a high readmission risk. Danish Medical Journal, 63, No. 9. Retrieved from the Internet: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27585531.
Scottish Government Model of Care Polypharmacy Working Group. (2015). Polypharmacy Guidance (2nd edition). Retrieved from the Internet: https://www.sehd.scot.nhs.uk/publications/DC20150415polypharmacy.pdf.
Sergi, G., De Rui, M., Sarti, S. and Manzato, E. (2011). Polypharmacy in the Elderly. Drugs & Aging, 28, No. 7, pp. 509–519.
Sönnichsen, A. C., Winkler, H., Flamm, M., Panisch, S., Kowatsch, P., Klima, G. idr. (2010). The effectiveness of the Austrian disease management programme for type 2 diabetes: a clusterrandomised controlled trial. BMC Family Practice, 11, No. 1, p. 86.
Stewart, D., Mair, A., Wilson, M., Kardas, P., Lewek, P., Alonso, A. et al. (2017). Guidance to manage inappropriate polypharmacy in older people: systematic review and future developments. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 16, No. 2, pp. 203–213.
Veninšek, G. and Gabrovec, B. (2018). Management of frailty at individual level – clinical management: Systematic literature review. Slovenian Journal of Public Health, 57, No. 2, pp. 106–115.
Williams, M. E., Pulliam, C. C., Hunter, R., Johnson, T. M., Owens, J. E., Kincaid, J. idr. (2004). The short-term effect of interdisciplinary medication review on function and cost in ambulatory elderly people. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 52, No. 1, pp. 93–98. Retrieved from the Internet: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14687321.




