Spodbujanje pozitivnega vedenja pri otrocih in mladostnikih z vedenjskimi motnjami: Pristop negovanega srca
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55707/jhs.v12i2.190Ključne besede:
vedenjske motnje, opozicionalno kljubovalno vedenje, motnja pomanjkanja pozornosti s hiperaktivnostjo, obravnavaPovzetek
Namen prispevka je predstaviti Pristop negovanega srca, ki se uveljavlja kot na dokazih temelječ in v praksi preverjen pristop pri obravnavi otrok in mladostnikov z vedenjskimi motnjami, motnjo pozornosti s hiperaktivnostjo ter opozicionalno kljubovalnim vedenjem. V središču pristopa je koncept sistematičnega usmerjanja pozornosti na pozitivne vedenjske vzorce in dosežke posameznika, s čimer se krepi občutek kompetentnosti, razvija pozitivna samopodoba ter zmanjšuje pojavnost nezaželenega vedenja. Uporaba pristopa presega okvir starševskih intervencij, saj se uspešno implementira tudi v izobraževanju, bolnišničnem okolju, pravosodju, rejniški skrbi ter različnih službah za duševno zdravje otrok in mladostnikov. Prispevek podrobneje obravnava temeljna načela pristopa, analizira njegove teoretične premise in izpostavlja empirične dokaze o učinkovitosti, ki kažejo na pozitivne učinke v smislu izboljšanja socialno-čustvenih kompetenc, krepitve odnosov ter zmanjšanja vedenjskih težav. Namen prispevka je predstaviti Pristop negovanega srca kot prepoznano, dokazano in učinkovito metodo ter opozoriti na možnosti njegove uporabe v pedagoški, klinični, terapevtski in širši strokovni praksi.
Literatura
1. Ahmad, S. I., Rudd, K. L., LeWinn, K. Z., Mason, W. A., Graff, J. C., Roubinov, D. S. in Bush, N. R. (2025). A longitudinal path model examining the transactional nature of parenting and child externalizing behaviors in a large, sociodemographically diverse sample. Development and Psychopathology, 37(3), 1305–1319. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579424001147
2. Ahmann, E. (2014). Encouraging positive behavior in challenging children: The nurtured heart approach. Pediatric Nursing, 40(1), 38–42.
3. Angus, L. E. in Greenberg, L. S. (2011). Working with narrative in emotion-focused therapy: Changing stories, healing lives. American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/12325-000
4. Bandura, A. inWalters, W. H. (1977). Social learning theory. Prentice Hall.
5. Bowlby, J. (1982). Attachment and loss: Retrospect and prospect. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 52(4), 664–678. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.1982.tb01456.x
6. Brennan, A. L., Hektner, J. M., Brotherson, S. E. in Hansen, T. M. (2016). A nonrandomized evaluation of a brief nurtured heart approach parent training program. Child and Youth Care Forum, 45(5), 709–727. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-016-9351-4
7. Čepukienė, V. in Janulevičė, J. (2025). Parental discipline and self-regulation in children aged 2 to 5: A meta-analysis of research conducted from 2000 to 2022. Child and Youth Care Forum, 54, 999–1023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-025-09854-8
8. Children’s Success Foundation. (n. d.). Promising path to success: Administrative outcome summary [Neobjavljeno interno poročilo].
9. Deci, E. L. in Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Plenum Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2271-7
10. Eddy, J. M., Leve, L. D. in Fagot, B. I. (2001). Coercive family processes: A replication and extension of Patterson’s coercion model. Aggressive Behavior, 27(1), 14–30. https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-2337(20010101/31)27:1<14::AID-AB2>3.0.CO;2-2
11. Ferguson, C. J. (2013). Spanking, corporal punishment and negative long-term outcomes: A metaanalytic review of longitudinal studies. Clinical Psychology Review, 33(1), 196–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2012.11.002
12. Fields, C., Keller, P. S. in El-Sheikh, M. (2025). Associations between parent and child antisocial behavior: Aggression in family relationships as a mechanism of risk. Personality and Individual Differences, 223, 113077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2025.113077
13. Gershoff, E. T. (2002). Corporal punishment by parents and associated child behaviors and experiences: A meta-analytic and theoretical review. Psychological Bulletin, 128(4), 539–579. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.128.4.539
14. Gershoff, E. T. in Grogan-Kaylor, A. (2016). Spanking and child outcomes: Old controversies and new meta-analyses. Journal of Family Psychology, 30(4), 453–469. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000191
15. Glasser, H. in Block, M. L. (2007). All children flourishing: Igniting the greatness of our children. Nurtured Heart Publications.
16. Glasser, H. in Block, M. L. (2009). You are Oprah: Igniting the fires of greatness. Nurtured Heart Publications.
17. Glasser, H. in Block, M. L. (2011). Notching up: The nurtured heart approach – The new inner wealth initiative for educators. Nurtured Heart Publications.
18. Glasser, H. in Easley, J. (1998). Transforming the difficult child: The nurtured heart approach. Center for the Difficult Child.
19. Glasser, H. in Grove, T. (2007). The inner wealth initiative: The nurtured heart approach for educators. Nurtured Heart Publications.
20. Glasser, H., Bowdidge, J. in Bravo, L. (2008). Transforming the difficult child workbook: An interactive guide to the nurtured heart approach. Vaughan Printing
21. Grmek, H. in Lipič, N. (2023). Programi namenjeni starševstvu kot pomemben člen promocije duševnega zdravja. Revija za zdravstvene vede, 10(1), 97–120. https://doi.org/10.55707/jhs.v10i1.141
22. Hektner, J. M., Brennan, A. L. in Brotherson, S. E. (2013). A review of the nurtured heart approach to parenting: Evaluation of its theoretical and empirical foundations. Family Process, 52(3), 425–439. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12030
23. Hollenstein, T., Granic, I., Stoolmiller, M. in Snyder, J. (2004). Rigidity in parent–child interactions and the development of externalizing and internalizing behavior in early childhood. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 32, 595–607. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JACP.0000047209.37650.41
24. Huston, A. C. in Ripke, M. N. (2006). Middle childhood: Contexts of development. V A. C. Huston in M. N. Ripke (ur.), Developmental contexts in middle childhood: Bridges to adolescence and adulthood (str. 1–22). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/
CBO9780511499760.002
25. Kausik, N. H. in Hussain, D. (2020). Integrating nurtured heart approach with self-determination theory: A proposed intervention model for managing disruptive behaviors of children. Child Care in Practice, 26(1), 50–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/13575279.2018.1516627
26. Kazdin, A. E. (2005). Parent management training: Treatment for oppositional, aggressive, and antisocial behavior in children and adolescents. Oxford University Press.
27. Lansford, J. E., Chang, L., Dodge, K. A., Malone, P. S., Oburu, P., Palmérus, K., Bacchini, D., Pastorelli, C., Bombi, A. S., Zelli, A., Tapanya, S., Chaudhary, N., DeaterDeckard, K., Manke, B. in Quinn, N. (2005). Physical discipline and children’s adjustment: Cultural normativeness as a moderator. Child Development, 76(6), 1234–1246. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.14678624.2005.00847.x
28. Leijten, P., Melendez-Torres, G. J. in Gardner, F. (2021). Research review: The most effective parenting program content for disruptive child behavior – A network meta-analysis. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62(11), 1302–1312. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13483
29. MacKenzie, M. J., Nicklas, E., Waldfogel, J. in Brooks-Gunn, J. (2013). Spanking and child development across the first decade of life. Pediatrics, 132(5), e1118–e1125. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-1227
30. McGrellis, K., Swarbrick, M., Cummings, C., Wilson, B. in Gill, K. (2022). Development of a nurtured heart approach questionnaire. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 60(2), 15–19. https://doi.org/10.3928/02793695-20210818-03
31. Nuño, L., Wertheim, B. C., Glasser, M. A., Wahl, A. in Roe, J. (2020). The online nurtured heart approach to parenting: A randomized study to improve ADHD behaviors in children ages 6–8. Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry, 22(1), 31–48. https://doi.org/10.1891/
EHPP-D-20-00013
32. Nuño, V. L., Wertheim, B. C., Murphy, B. S., Wahl, R. A. in Roe, D. J. (2019). Testing the efficacy of the nurtured heart approach to reduce ADHD symptoms in children by training parents: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications, 13, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conctc.2018.100312
33. Patterson, G. R. (1982). Coercive family process. Castalia.
34. Rashidi, B., Faramarzi, S. in Abedi, A. (2023). The application of the nurtured heart approach in parenting of children with special needs: A systematic review. Quarterly Journal of Child Mental Health, 10(2), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.61186/jcmh.10.2.2
35. Roth, S. E. (2018). A quasi-experimental investigation of the impact of the nurtured heart approach on parenting confidence, use of appropriate verbal discipline and perceptions of child interpersonal strengths in a Caucasian population sample [Doktorska disertacija, University of Akron]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center.
36. Salih, A. A. (2025). The power of metaphors in psychotherapy: Enhancing therapeutic communication, emotional expression, and transformative change. International Journal of Humanities and Education Development, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.22161/jhed.7.2.9
37. Sanders, M. R. (1999). Triple P–Positive Parenting Program: Towards an empirically validated multilevel parenting and family support strategy for the prevention of behavior and emotional problems in children. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 2(2), 71–90. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021843613840
38. Smith, J. D., Dishion, T. J., Shaw, D. S., Wilson, M. N., Winter, C. C. in Patterson, G. R. (2014). Coercive family process and early-onset conduct problems from age 2 to school entry. Development and Psychopathology, 26(4 Pt 1), 917–932. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579414000169
39. Stott, R., Mansell, W., Salkovskis, P., Lavender, A. in Cartwright-Hatton, S. (2010). Oxford guide to metaphors in CBT: Building cognitive bridges. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780199207497.001.0001
40. Tay, D. (2016). Metaphor and psychological transference. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 45(1), 11–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926488.2016.1116903
41. Trentacosta, C. J. in Shaw, D. S. (2009). Emotional self-regulation, peer rejection, and antisocial behavior: Developmental associations from early childhood to early adolescence. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 30(3), 356–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2008.12.016
42. Turel, A. A., Gričar, N. in Černe, T. (2023). Mnenje staršev glede predelave senzoričnih prilivov pri otrocih z motnjo pozornosti in hiperaktivnosti. Revija za zdravstvene vede, 10(2), 16–31. https://doi.org/10.55707/jhs.v10i2.150
43. Webster-Stratton, C. in Reid, M. J. (2018). The Incredible Years parents, teachers, and children training series: A multifaceted treatment approach for young children with conduct problems. V J. R. Weisz in A. E. Kazdin (ur.), Evidence-based psychotherapies for children and adolescents (3. izd., str. 122–141). The Guilford Press.
Prenosi
Objavljeno
Kako citirati
Številka
Rubrike
Licenca
Avtorske pravice (c) 2025 Helena Grmek
To delo je licencirano pod Creative Commons Priznanje avtorstva 4.0 mednarodno licenco.
